About Flowering Plants
Class 6 Chapter 9
Types
of Plants
Herbs :- (one season or two seasons)
Plants
with soft green stem.
Annuals (one seasons) = Rice,
Mustard, Sunflower
Biennuuals (two seasons) =
Radish, beet and carrot.
Perennials (many years) = Canna
Creeper (flower), Climber (weak stem which
can’t stand erect).
Shurbs :- (Medium size plants)
Height = 8 or 9 feet, bushy
China rose, Creape Jasmine
(Chandni), Henna (Mehandi)
Trees :-
Tall, Perennial plants with trunk (thick woody
stem)
Ex.- Mango, Kikar
Parts
of Plant
1.
Shoot:-
The part above the
ground, consisting of the stem, leaves, flowers and fruits.
2.
Root
:- Parts below the
ground.
Types of root :-
Fibrous Root :- Thin fiber like rots
coming out of base of stem.
Ex.- Grass
Tap Root :- Main root growing from base to stem (Branching roots)
Function of Root :-
i.
Fixing
the plant
ii.
Absorb
water and minerals
iii.
Protect
soil
iv.
Store
food (Carrot, Radish, Turnip)
Prop Root :- Rope like growth hanging from the
branch of a banyan tree.
Usage :- Support the branches
Indian Botanical Garden near Kolkata is famous
for a huge banyan tree that has more than 900 prop roots.
Stilt Roots :- When maze, sugar cane plant grow
tall, the lower part of the stem produces root called stilt roots.
Usage:- Support and prevent from
tilting.
Climbing Root :- Plant like betal and money plant
produce climbing roots which hold firm to a support and help the plant climb.
3. The Stem :-
Nodes :- A point where leaves grow.
Internode :- The portion of the stem between any
two node.
Axil :- The smallest angle between the stalk
of a leaf and the stem (at the node).
Axillary bud :- Branches grow buds at the axils
are called axillary buds.
Aical buds :- Bud at the tip of the stem or its
branches. (apical means at apex)
Floral buds :- Buds which grow into flowers.
Bark :- Hard, Protective covering of
trunks in a tree.
Tendrils:- The stem of climbers are modified
into threadlike coiled growth called tendrils.
Function of stem
i.
Hold
the plant.
ii.
Spread
out the branches & leaves. (sunlight)
iii.
Transporting
water and food.
iv.
Store
food.
Ex.-
Potato, Onion, turmeric
v.
Tendrils
(climbers)
vi.
Manufacture
food and store water (cactus)
4. The Leaf :-
Parts of Leaf :-
i.
Lamina
ii.
Petiole
iii.
Leaf
Base
iv.
Mid
Rib
v.
Vein
Venation :-
Ø Parallel Venation :- When veins run parallel to each
other . Ex.- Grass, Bamboo
Ø Reticulate Venation :- Veins from a network across the
leaf. Ex.- Mango, Peepal
Simple and Compound Leaves :-
Compound
:- The leaf blades
is divided into leaflets.
Ex.- Neem, Chui-Mui
Simple :- When a leaf blade, has a single leaf
blade.
Ex.- Banyan, Peepal
A bud is present in the axil of a
simple or compound leaf, but not the axil of a leaflet.
Arrangement of leaves
Alternate
:- If each node bears only one leaf and
successive leaves are on alternate sides of the stem.
Opposite
:- If two leaves
grow on opposite sides of each node.
Whorled
(meaning ring) :-
Many leaves grow from each node.
The main function of leaf is to make
food (glucose). Chlorophyll traps sunlight
Carbon-dioxide (CO2 ) + Water (H2O ) → glucose (C6H12O6 ) + oxygen (O2 )
Function of leaves
i.
Manufacture
food
ii.
Interchanging
gases with the air
iii.
Throwing
out water
Other function of leaves :-
§ Provide support :- tendrils
§ Defend :- Spines
§ Store food :- Indian aloe,
bryophyllum, spinach
§ Hunt :- Sundew, Pitcher plant
5. The flower
Oliender (Kanar) don’t have
smell/fragrant.
Parts of Flower
ü Pedicel
ü Thalamus
ü Sepals
ü Stamens
ü Filament
ü Anther
ü Pollen
ü Carpel
ü Pistil
ü Ovary
ü Style
ü Stigma
ü Ovules
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