History class 6 Chapter 9 Life in Villages and Towns
The establishment of kingdoms and empires led to increase in agriculture and trade. Art and crafts aso developed.Resulted in the growth of town Agricultural production increased due to increased use of iron. The king of the period also encouraged the building of irrigation works and dug wells and canals. Production of crop 1st North India 2nd South India.The bead- making industry was concentrated in South India.Varanasi and Madurai - Cloth manufacturing uraiyur was a famous centre for dyeing.
Increase in trade:- Increase in agriculture production and the growth of crafts led to trade.Trade link developes between North to South India also trade with the Roman Empire. Archeologists have unearthed thousands of coins belongings to the period called punch-marked coins.Guilds of craftsmen were called Shrenis.
The second Urbanization :-
Great agricultural production, growth of crafts and increase trade and commerce led to emergence of town and cities.
Due to growth of urban centres this period is refers as the age of second urbanization.
Kaushambi, Vaishali, Ujjaini, Patliputra, Hastinapur, Mathura, Rajgriha, Bodhgaya, Brach, Sopra and Tamsalipti were trading centres.History Notes Class 6
Mathura
Mathura is an important town of the period.
It was the centre of Numerous activities.
As the second capital of the Kushanas it was a political and administrative centre.
Religious centre, Centre of Arts and Crafts.
ARIKAMEDU
“Arikamedu was a port-town. It traded with th Rome Empire”
Arikamedu near Puducherry is an important archeological site, It was excavated in the 1940's by a British archeologist. Sir Mortimer Wheeler.
Science Notes Class 6
Arikamedu was a coastal trading centre and a major port. It was an important bead-making centre. Textile beads, semi-precious stones and glass-shell bangles were the major export from the port. The imports included wine and oliver oil.
Some scholars feel that Arikamedu was a Roman trading settlement in India. Traders from Rome came and stayed here. Roman pottery (jars and vases) and gold coins have been found here in large numbers. Ruins of a brick building have also been found. It may have been a warehouse where goods coming from Rome and other places were store.
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