Science Notes
Class 6
Clothes and Fibres
Air is bad conductor of heat.
Woollen fabric and clothes are very good insulator.
Cotton fabric and clothes are light and poor insulator.
How Clothes Are Made
Fibres :- The thin and long structures used to
made clothes are called fibres.
Clothes can made mainly in two steps from fibres:-
1. Spinning
2. Weaving
Spinning Machines :- A machine used to spinning the
yarns in large scale
Bobbins :- Dyed or undyed yarn are wound on reels are
called bobbins.
Weaving :- Process of making clothes.
Loom :- A loom is a device for weaving threads for
getting cloth.
A loom is a device used to weave
cloth and tapestry.
Powerloom :- Electronic loom
Khadi :- A cloth made form hand-spun yarns is called
khadi.
The removal of the colour of a substance by chemical means is called bleaching. For bleaching Chlorine and Hydrogen peroxide is used.
Fibre and Fabric
Kinds of Fibre
Animal fibres are generally more durable than natural fires.
Cotton
- Indians were the first to cultivate cotton and make clothes from it.
- Cotton Clothes grow best on black soil and in a warm climate.
- In India cotton is cultivated in:- Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
- Cotton is planted in early spring.
- Cotton burns at a moderate speed and contains sufficient air space between its fibres to soak a liquid.
- Synthetic fibre burns faster.
Boll :- Green seeds of cotton plants is called boll
Gin :- A machine used to separate cotton from seed.
Ginning :- Process of combing and collecting of separated
cotton is called ginning.
Bales :- A bundle if
pressed cotton. 1 bale = 200 kg
Uses:-
For
manufacturing cloth materials.
For
making artificial fibres like rayon.
For
making some kind of paper and cellophane
For
making an explosive (guncotton)
Ginned
cottons are used for filling mattresses
In home
and hospitals
Seeds
of cotton is used for making cotton oil.
Jute
- Jute is produced next to cotton in India.
- It is cultivated mainly in India and Bangladesh.
- Jute obtained from plant called Patsun,
paat or patua in hindi.
- It requires a low land and plenty of water.
- In India, jute is cultivated in Assam, West Bengal and Bihar in the low lying area around the river Ganga and Brahmaputra.
- Jute fibres are very long but not very strong. They rot under certain conditions and weaken when bleached.
Uses :-
Making
gunny bags or sacks.
Jute
fibres are spun into twines and ropes.
In
linoleum and cushions.
To
make fabric for clothes. (fine fibres)
Science Notes Class 6
Flax Fibres
Flax fibres obtains from the flax plants. Flax fibres are
soft and may be about 20 inches long.
Flax fibres are soft
Retting :- The process of destroying the gummy matter in
the stem of flax tree by bacteria is called retting.
Scutching :- The process of separating fibres from dried
and broken stem of flax tree is called scutching.
Uses:-
For
making lines and laces.
For
making fine paper (eg., cigarette paper.)
For
making fishing lines and nests.
Seeds
are pressed to obtain linseed oil.
*****
· Indians were the first to cultivate cotton and to make clothes from it.
· Cotton plant grow best on black soil and in warm climate. Like Punjab, Gujarat, Rajasthan.., (1 bales = bundle of 200kg cotton)
· Flax fibres obtains from the flax plant.
· Jute is produced next to cotton in India. It is cultivated mainly in India and Bangladesh. It requires low land and plenty of water.
· Jute is obtained from plants called Patsun, Paat or Patua (Hindi).
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